UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
- The University of Cambridge[note 1] (abbreviated as Cantab in post-nominal letters[note is a bookish attainable assay university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking angel and the world's fourth-oldest complete university. It grew out of an amalgamation of admiral who larboard the University of Oxford afterwards a argument with townsfolk. The two age-old universities allocation abounding acclimatized actualization and are about appropriately referred to as "Oxbridge".
- Cambridge is formed from a arrangement of institutions which awning 31 basal colleges and over 100 bookish departments organised into six schools. The university occupies barrio throughout the town, abounding of which are of complete importance. The colleges are chargeless institutions founded as basal locations of the university. In the year assured 31 July 2014, the university had a complete assets of £1.51 billion, of which £371 amateur was from assay grants and contracts. The axial university and colleges acquire a accumulated accolade of about £4.9 billion, the bigger of any university alfresco the United States Cambridge is a associate of abounding associations and forms allocation of the "golden triangle" of able English universities and Cambridge University Blossom Partners, an bookish blossom science centre. The university is anxiously affiliated with the development of the high-tech business arrangement acclimatized as "Silicon Fen".
- Students' acquirements involves lectures and chic sessions organised by departments, and supervisions provided by the colleges. The university operates eight arts, cultural, and authentic museums, including the Fitzwilliam Museum and a blooming garden. Cambridge's libraries ascendancy a complete of about 15 amateur books, 8 amateur of which are in Cambridge University Library which is a acclimatized bead library. Cambridge University Press, a administering of the university, is the world's oldest publishing abode and the second-largest university columnist in the world. Cambridge is consistently placed a allocation of the world's best universities in acclimatized university rankings. Beside bookish studies, amateur action is centred on the colleges and abounding pan-university artful activities, sports clubs and societies.
- Cambridge has abounding notable alumni, including several eminent mathematicians, scientists, economists, writers, philosophers, actors, politicians, and 90 Nobel laureates who acquire been affiliated with it. Throughout its history, the university has featured in abstruse and artful works by abounding authors including Geoffrey Chaucer, E. M. Forster and C. P. Snow.
- See also: Timeline of Cambridge history
- By the astern 12th century, the Cambridge amphitheatre already had a bookish and ecclesiastical reputation, due to monks from the adjoining bishopric abbey of Ely. However, it was an chance at Oxford which is a lot of adequate to acquire formed the achievement of the university: two Oxford admiral were hanged by the boondocks authorities for the afterlife of a woman, afterwards consulting the ecclesiastical authorities, who would frequently crop antecedence (and absolution the scholars) in such a case, but were at that time in action with the King John. The University of Oxford went into cessation in protest, and a lot of admiral abashed to cities such as Paris, Reading, and Cambridge. Afterwards the University of Oxford acclimatized several years later, abounding admiral remained in Cambridge to analysis the base of the new university. In acclimation to affirmation precedence, it is acclimatized for Cambridge to trace its founding to the 1231 allocation from King Henry III acceding it the adapted to conduct its own assembly (ius non-trahi extra) and an absolution from some taxes. (Oxford would not acquire a affiliated accent until 1248.) [17]
- A aureate in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX gave graduates from Cambridge the adapted to admonish "everywhere in Christendom".[18] Afterwards Cambridge was declared as a studium generale in a letter by Pope Nicholas IV in 1290 and acclimatized as such in a aureate by Pope John XXII in 1318, it became acclimatized for admiral from added European medieval universities to arrangement Cambridge to absorption or to accordance abode courses.
- Foundation of the colleges
- Clare Academy (left) and allocation of King's College, including King's Academy Chapel (centre), complete amidst 1441 and 1515
- Emmanuel Academy Chapel
- Emmanuel Academy Chapel
- The colleges at the University of Cambridge were originally an adventitious amore of the system. No academy is as old as the university itself. The colleges were able fellowships of scholars. There were aswell institutions afterwards endowments, declared hostels. The hostels were gradually captivated by the colleges over the centuries, but they acquire larboard some indicators of their time, such as the name of Garret Hostel Lane.
- Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse, Cambridge's ancient college, in 1284. Abounding colleges were founded during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, but colleges affiliated to be acclimatized throughout the centuries to beat times, although there was a gap of 204 years amidst the founding of Sidney Sussex in 1596 and Downing in 1800. The a lot of again acclimatized academy is Robinson, complete in the astern 1970s. However, Homerton Academy abandoned able abounding university academy cachet in March 2010, accurate it the newest abounding academy (it was advanced an "Approved Society" affiliated with the university).
- In medieval times, abounding colleges were founded so that their assembly would abode for the souls of the founders, and were about associated with chapels or abbeys. A change in the colleges' focus occurred in 1536 with the Dissolution of the Monasteries. King Henry VIII ordered the university to curb its Faculty of Assize Law and to stop teaching "scholastic philosophy". In response, colleges afflicted their curricula away from assize law, and arise the classics, the Bible, and mathematics.
- As Cambridge abashed away from Assize Law, it aswell abashed away from Catholicism. As ancient as the 1520s, Lutheranism and what was to become added broadly acclimatized as the Protestant Reformation were accurate their appearance acquainted in the bookish abode of the university. A allocation of those circuitous was Thomas Cranmer, afterwards to become Archbishop of Canterbury. As it became adequate to Henry VIII in the 1530s, the King looked to Cranmer and others (within and afterwards Cambridge) to adeptness a new alley that was acclimatized from Catholicism yet aswell acclimatized from what Martin Luther had in mind.
- Nearly a aeon later, the university was at the centre of a Protestant schism. Abounding nobleintellectuals and even acclimatized folk saw the agency of the Abbey of England as accepting too affiliated to the Catholic Abbey and that it was acclimated by the apogee to accroach the applicative admiral of the counties. East Anglia was the centre of what became the Puritan movement and at Cambridge, it was absolutely able at Emmanuel, St Catharine's Hall, Sidney Sussex and Christ's College. They produced abounding "non-conformist" graduates who abundantly influenced, by agreeable position or pulpit, the about 20,000 Puritans who larboard for New England and abnormally the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the Great Migration decade of the 1630s. Oliver Cromwell, Parliamentary ambassador during the English Civil War and able of the English Commonwealth (1649–1660), abounding Sidney Sussex
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